天热以后，多地已发生多起溺水事件。据统计，我国每年因溺水意外死亡的人数仅次于交通事故。溺水事件缘何频频发生？如何尽量避免这类悲剧上演？面对一个个血的教训，加强溺水事件的防范显得格外重要。预防溺水、溺水的自救及急救方法，是大家都应非常重视的一项安全知识。
一、预防溺水的措施：
1、学会游泳；
2、不要独自在河边、山塘边玩耍；
3、不去非游泳区游泳；
4、不会游泳者，不要游到深水区，即使带着救生圈也不安全；
5、游泳前要做适当的准备活动，以防抽筋。
二、溺水时的自救方法：
1、不要慌张，发现周围有人时立即呼救；
2、放松全身，让身体飘浮在水面上，将头部浮出水面，用脚踢水，防止体力丧失，等待救援；
3、身体下沉时，可将手掌向下压；
4、如果在水中突然抽筋，又无法靠岸时，立即求救。如周围无人，可深吸一口气潜入水中，伸直抽筋的那条腿，用手将脚趾向上扳，以解除抽筋。
三、发现有人溺水时的救护方法：
可将救生圈、竹竿、木板等物抛给溺水者，再将其拖至岸边；若没有救护器材，可入水直接救护。接近溺水者时要转动他的髋部，使其背向自己然后拖运。拖运时通常采用侧泳或仰泳拖运法。
特别强调：未成年人发现有人溺水，不能冒然下水营救，应立即大声呼救，或利用救生器材呼救。救人也要在自己能力范围之内！
四、同伴溺水后如何急救？
万一同伴发生溺水的情况后，切莫贸然下水救人，应马上呼喊大人搭救。将溺水者搭救上岸后，立刻撬开牙齿，清除口腔和鼻内的杂物，使呼吸道通畅；抢救者屈膝，将病人俯卧于大腿上，头朝下，按压腹部迫使呼吸道及胃内的水倒出，如溺水者呼吸和心跳均已停止，应头向上做胸外心脏按摩和人工呼吸，同时急速送医院抢救。
五、岸上急救溺水者方法：
1、迅速清除溺水者口、鼻中的污泥、杂草及分泌物，保持呼吸道通畅，并拉出舌头，以避免堵塞呼吸道；
2、将溺水者举起，使其俯卧在救护者肩上，腹部紧贴救护者肩部，头脚下垂，以使呼吸道内积水自然流出。但不要因为呛水而耽误了进行心肺复苏的时间；
3、进行口对口人工呼吸及心脏按摩；并尽快联系急救中心或送去医院。
As the temperature rises, many drowning incidents occurred. According to the statistics, the number of people that die from drowning accidents in China every year is just next to the number of traffic accidents. Why do the drowning incidents occur frequently? How to avoid this kind of tragedy? Facing the lessons of life and blood, it seems particularly important to strengthen the prevention of drowning incidents. Prevention of drowning, self-rescue in drowning and emergency rescue methods, is the safety knowledge that everyone should attach great importance to.
First, drowning prevention measures:
1. Learn to swim.
2. Don’t play alone by the river or the mountain pond’ edge.
3. Don’t to go swimming in the non-swimming area.
4. For the one who can’s swim, don’t swim in the deep-water area, even with a life buoy is not safe.
5. Before swimming, do the appropriate preparation exercise to prevent cramps.
Second, self-rescue methods when drowning:
1. Don’t panic, shout for help immediately if find someone around.
2. Relax the whole body, let the body float on the surface of the water, make the head surfaced and kick the water, prevent the loss of physical strength and wait for rescue.
3. When the body is sinking, the palm can be pressed down.
4. If suddenly cramps in the water and unable to dock, shout for help immediately. If there is no one around, you can take a deep breath and dive into the water, straight the leg that cramps and pull up the toes upward with the hand to relieve cramps.
Third, rescue methods when find someone drowning:
Throw the life buoy, bamboo, wood and other materials to the drowning person, and then drag it to the shore. If there is no rescue equipment, the one who can swim can get into the water directly for rescue. When get close to drowning person, turn his hips, make the person’s back against you and then haul. Sidestroke or backstroke hauling method is usually adopted.
Special emphasis: for teenagers who find someone drowning, can not rashly get into the water to rescue, should immediately shout for help or use lifesaving equipment for help. Save people within the scope of your own ability!
Fourth, emergency treatment after drowning:
In case of drowning situation happens, do not rush into the water to rescue people and should immediately shout to the adults for rescue. After rescuing the drowning person ashore, immediately pry to open the teeth, remove debris in the mouth and nose to make the respiratory tract unobstructed. The rescuer bends his knees, with the drowning person prostrate on the thigh, put his head down, pressing the abdomen and force the water in respiratory and stomach pour out. If the drowning person’s breathing and heartbeat has stopped, should do chest cardiac massage and artificial respiration with his face up and also rapidly send him to the hospital.
Fifth, emergency treatment methods for drowning person on shore:
1. Quickly clear sludge, weeds and secretion in the drowning person’s mouth and nose, keep respiratory tract unobstructed, and pull out the tongue in order to avoid respiratory tract blockage.
2. Raise the drowning person, make him prone on the rescuer’s shoulder and make his abdomen cling to the rescuer’s shoulder, head and feet hang down to make the water within respiratory tract flow out naturally. But don’t delay the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) because of choking water.
3. Do the mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and cardiac massage. And contact the emergency center or send the drowning person to the hospital as soon as possible.
Student Service Office of ZJUT International College
浙江工业大学国际学院学生工作部
2015年06月12日
June.12th, 2015